Us8878464b2 laser accelerator driven particle brachytherapy. Accelerator driven systems ads fusionfission workshop. Range of parameters for accelerator driven systems for four missions described inthis whitepaper transmutation demonstration industrial scale transmutation industrial scale power generation with energy storage. In 1997, under the guidance of its technical working group on fast reactors twgfr, the iaea published iaeatecdoc985, accelerator driven systems. In 1985 the jrc ispra launched a study investigating the possibility of transmuting minor actinides in an accelerator driven subcritical system and presented a quantitative analysis at the 1986 icenes 2. Wallenius, proton source efficiency for different inert matrix fuels in accelerator driven systems, int.
Yang on the performance of point kinetics for the analysis acceleratordriven systems nuclear science and engineering, 149, 298311 2005. Ads or accelerator driven transmutation of waste atw consists of a high power proton accelerator, a heavy metal spallation target that produces neutrons when bombarded by the high power beam, and a subcritical core. There are several different kinds of adss, including the energy amplifier and others. Acceleratordriven systems ads and fast reactors fr in. An accelerator driven subcritical ads system consists of an accelerator, a subcritical reactor, and a spallation target located at the centre of the reactor core. Design of control systems for accelerator driven sub. Shielding analysis of the secondary coolant circuit of.
Cahalan inherent shutdown capabilities in accelerator driven systems annals of nuclear energy, vol. Reactivity monitoring of acceleratordriven nuclear. Accelerator driven systems adss may offer new prospects and advantages for the transmutation of such high level nuclear waste. In this paper, we report the conceptual design of the control system for ads system, which will integrate two big nuclear facilities, an accelerator and a reactor, into an overall. The accelerator driven systems an accelerator driven system ads, is a nuclear reactor that is very different from the conventional reactors currently in use. Status of accelerator driven systems research and technology. The acceleratordriven systems an acceleratordriven system ads, is a nuclear reactor that is very different from the conventional reactors currently in use.
Fermilabfn0907di, laur1006754 update these references 1. Instead of sustaining a chain reaction, a subcritical reactor uses additional neutrons from an outside source. A panoply of european accelerators is utilised to provide complete. Accelerator driven systems and their applications 1. Crosssection evaluations to 150 mev for acceleratordriven.
Neutronics of minor actinide burning accelerator driven systems with ceramic fuel accepted nuclear technology january 2005. Accelerator for ads reliability availability beam trips requirements from reactor design structural tolerance. Medeiros roma o, sck cen, mol, belgium abstract accelerator driven systems are widely considered as promising devices for the transmutation of nuclear waste, as well as useful schemes for thbased energy production. It could use thorium as a fuel, which is more abundant than uranium the neutrons needed for sustaining the fission process would be provided by a particle accelerator producing neutrons by spallation. Shielding analysis of the secondary coolant circuit of accelerator driven systems toshinobu sasa and hiroyuki oigawa japan atomic energy agency japan 1. Accelerator driven systems for thorium utilisation in india. Superconducting systems were already in use and everyone believed that they could be scaled up to the manymegawatt beam level required for ads to work. Bolton, quantum beam science directorate, kansai photon science institute, japan atomic energy agency oulomb 11.
Laser accelerator driven particle brachytherapy devices, systems, and methods. Accelerator driven systemaccelerator transmutation of waste. Introduction disposition of radioactive waste is one of the key issues to make nuclear energy as a sustainable power resource for future power generation. Crosssection evaluations to 150 mev for accelerator. Accelerator and target technology for accelerator driven transmutation and energy production a t abderrahim, h. Physics and technology for development of accelerator driven. Since ads are closely related to msr, several topics are described. Experts from around the world will exchange information on topics relevant to accelerator driven subcritical systems. Challenges and opportunities of accelerator driven systems.
The performance of such hybrid nuclear systems depends to a large extent on the specification and reliability of high power accelerators, as well as the integration of the accelerator with spallation targets and subcritical systems. Reactivity monitoring of accelerator driven nuclear reactor systems wim uyttenhove department of radiation science and technology wim uyttenhove reactivity monitoring of accelerator driven nuclear reactor systems isbn 9789462954403 tbe cover dd 1 161215 10. A powerpoint show is attached at the bottom of the page talk given last summer at nasa ames research center on technologies for improving reliability of accelerator driven systems. Reliability of accelerator driven systems symmetry magazine. The present study compares fr and adsbased actinide transmutation systems with respect to reactor properties, fuel cycle requirements, economic aspects, and r. Design of an acceleratordriven system for the destruction. Reactivity monitoring of acceleratordriven nuclear reactor systems wim uyttenhove department of radiation science and technology wim uyttenhove reactivity monitoring of acceleratordriven nuclear reactor systems isbn 9789462954403 tbe cover dd 1 161215 10. Nuclear energy has tremendous potential as a reliable source of cheap, clean energy. This paper aims at giving an overview of the accel. Reactivity monitoring of acceleratordriven nuclear reactor. Satyamurthy and amar sinha bhabha atomic research centre, mumbai, india international thorium energy conference october 2731, 20 cern in geneva, switzerland.
In the case of tritium production, the current design consists of a 1. School on physics, technology and applications of accelerator driven systems ads alexander c. International workshop on acceleratordriven subcritical. Meeting accapp03, june 15, 2003, san diego, california, usa 2003. Design of an acceleratordriven system for the destruction of. Oecd ilibrary the european project pdsxads preliminary. The three most important longterm radioactive isotopes that could advantageously be handled that way are neptunium237, americium241 and americium243. A subcritical reactor is a nuclear fission reactor concept that produces fission without achieving criticality. Experts from around the world will exchange information on topics relevant to acceleratordriven subcritical systems. Additional aspects to consider in an overall feasibility assessment include critical equipment and technologies required for such systems and their overall availability.
These neutrons can consequently be multiplied in the subcritical core which surrounds the spallation target. An important example of an accelerator driven system is found in the guinevere project. In phase ii, an ads demo facility with the thermal power output of hundreds of megawatts is going to be established around 2030. Accelerator driven system ciads, will be designed and built by 2022. Piaszczyk reliability assessment of the lansce accelerator system. A laser accelerator driven electronic brachytherapy system, device, and method for particle based treatment of a tumor or other human diseases and conditions. Main design achievements of the xtads and efit systems within the fp6 ipeurotrans integrated project article pdf available january 2010 with. Physics and technology for development of accelerator. Accelerator driven subcritical systems can be utilized to generate power from thoriumbased fuels 1. Reliability of accelerator driven systems it was, indeed, an accelerator issue but not the one implied in your article taking the heat out of nuclear waste, february 2012. Accelerator and target technology for accelerator driven.
Developing an industrial scale ads for commercial applications is the ultimate goal in phase. In the hindas programme, nuclear data in the 202 000 mev range are evaluated by means of a combination of nuclear models and wellselected intermediate and highenergy experiments. The first manmadeplutonium was produced in 1940 using a deuteron accelerator and a natural urtium target. One uses neutrons provided by a nuclear fusion machine, a concept known as a fusionfission hybrid. Accelerator driven systems for thorium utilisation in india s. Energy generation and transmutation of nuclear waste status report. Accelerator driven systems for nuclear waste transmutation charles d. Nuclear data for acceleratordriven systems request pdf. In addition, these hybrid systems can generate electricity during the conversion of transuranic waste. Accelerator driven systems has attracted much attention, but it was also subject of misunderstanding. Proliferation potential of acceleratordriven systems. An innovative remedy to energy crisis a powerpoint show is attached at the bottom of the page talk given last summer at nasa ames research center on technologies for improving reliability of accelerator driven systems. The accelerator driven reactor is independent of this parameter and thus can utilize these nuclides.
Nuclear energy agency acceleratordriven systems ads and. It could use thorium as a fuel, which is more abundant than uranium. Chinas accelerator driven subcritical system ads program. Developing integrated laserdriven ion accelerator systems. Mueller 19 30 november 2007 in2p3 institute of nuclear and particle physics f75016 paris france accelerators for ads. Future research is needed, therefore, to extend the usefulness of this work for atw applications. In this chapter, the accelerator driven systems ads are described. An accelerator driven subcritical reactor is a nuclear reactor design formed by coupling a substantially subcritical nuclear reactor core with a highenergy proton accelerator. The accelerator driven system ads has recently been receiving increased attention due to its potential to improve the flexibility and safety characteristics of transmutation systems. The renewed interest since 1990 in accelerator driven subcritical systems for transmutation of commercial nuclear waste has evolved to focus on the issue of whether fast or thermalspectrum systems offer greater promise. The guinevere generation of uninterrupted intense neutrons pulses at the lead venus reactor project is a major experiment with the main goal to develop and qualify different techniques for the reactivity monitoring of subcritical accelerator driven systems. Reactor noise in acceleratordriven systems adss is different from that in critical or radioactive sourcedriven subcritical systems because of the periodically pulsed.
Optical acceleration of ions and perspective for medicine, november 45, 2011, bologna, italy. Acceleratordriven systems ads are being considered for their potential use in the transmutation of radioactive waste. The twoday workshop includes four working sessions. In this chapter, the acceleratordriven systems ads are described. The renewed interest since 1990 in acceleratordriven subcritical systems for transmutation of commercial nuclear waste has evolved to focus on the issue of whether fast or thermalspectrum systems offer greater promise. Developing integrated laserdriven ion accelerator systems paul r. Fuel development, design and safety author links open overlay panel w. An acceleratordriven subcritical reactor is a nuclear reactor design formed by coupling a substantially subcritical nuclear reactor core with a highenergy proton accelerator. The accelerator bombards a target with highenergy protons which produces a very intense neutron source through the spallation process.